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Industrial chromium plating is used for many reasons. Some of the reason they use this hard chrome or engineered chrome is because it reduces friction, it also adds wear resistance and the last reason is because it increases corrosion resistance. The hard chrome has a tendency to be thicker than the other type of decorative coating. It is not uncommon for to use thinner and thicker layer of coating.
There are two types of industrial chrome plating baths. The first is hexavalent chromium baths, and the second is trivalent chromium baths. In the article we are going to explain the two different types of plating baths.
Well hexavalent bath uses the main ingredient chromic anhydride. It is also referred to as hex-chrome. Almost all chromium ore is processed thru the conversion to sodium dichromate. The other hex-chrome compounds are assorted salts of chromate and dichromate. It also uses the compound chromium trioxide.
Hexavalent chromium is used in the production of many things. Some of the things that it has been used for is stainless steel, textile dyes, wood preservation, leather tanning, and as an anti-corrosion. This bath is not safe to inhale if it is in haled it can cause many health problems. In the European union you are not allowed to use the hexavalent chromium in electronic equipment.
The second type of bath trivalent chromium uses the main ingredient is chromium sulfate and chromium chloride. This particular type of bath is not very common yet. There are some concerns about the color, brittleness, and plating thickness. It is also referred to as tri-chrome and chrome (III). It was first used to plate decorative things but it was not liked because of the color tones. But they can adjust the color tones to meet their needs.
It is a replacement for the hexavalent chromium bath. It closely resembles the coating that the hex-chrome coating on decorative applications. The trivalent chromium has overcome the shortcomings of the hex-chrome bath. In certain general areas it has higher cathode efficiency, it has better throwing power, and lower toxicity. The tri-chrome has a similar hardness to the hex-chrome.
The tri-chrome can be divided up into three basic groups. The first group is the single electrolyte bath (chloride- or sulfate-based) using graphite or composite anodes and additives to prevent oxidation of trivalent chromium at the anodes. The second is the Sulfate-based bath using shielded anodes (lead anodes surrounded by boxes filled with sulfuric acid) which help prevent the trivalent chromium from reaching the anodes, thus preventing their oxidation. And last is the Sulfate-based using insoluble catalytic anode that maintains an electrode potential level that preventions oxidation of the trivalent chromium.
